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A phlebolith is a small local, usually rounded, calcification within a vein. These are very common in the veins of the lower part of the pelvis , and they are generally of no clinical importance. When located in the pelvis they are sometimes difficult to differentiate from kidney stones in the ureters on X-ray .
A fecalith is a stone made of feces. It is a hardening of feces into lumps of varying size and may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract but is typically found in the colon. It is also called appendicolith when it occurs in the appendix and is sometimes concurrent with appendicitis. [1] They can also obstruct diverticula.
A rhinolith (from rhino- 'nose' and -lith 'stone') is a stone present in the nasal cavity. It is an uncommon medical phenomenon, not to be confused with dried nasal mucus. A rhinolith usually forms around the nucleus of a small exogenous foreign body, blood clot or secretion by slow deposition of calcium and magnesium carbonate and phosphate ...
In humans, enteroliths are rare and may be difficult to distinguish from gall stones. Their chemical composition is diverse, and rarely can a nidus be found. A differential diagnosis of an enterolith requires the enterolith, a normal gallbladder, and a diverticulum. [7] [8] An enterolith typically forms within a diverticulum.
Modification of predisposing factors can sometimes slow or reverse stone formation. Treatment varies by stone type, but, in general: [citation needed] Healthy diet and exercise (promotes flow of energy and nutrition) Drinking fluids (water and electrolytes like lemon juice, diluted vinegar e.g. in pickles, salad dressings, sauces, soups, shrubs ...
Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
However, the principal objective ought to be the complete elimination of stones and the eradication of biliary stasis and infection. [5] Hepatolithiasis non-surgical treatment options include percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy lithotripsy, as well as hepatectomy as part of surgical management. [6] [7] [8]
A surgeon may make a small incision near the stone to remove it. In some cases when stones continually reoccur the offending salivary duct is removed. Supporting treatment: To prevent infection while the stone is lodged in the duct, antibiotics are sometimes used.