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The concept of additive effect is analogous to the concept of simple addition in mathematics. However, the additive effect is not simply the arithmetic summation of two (or more) drugs in most cases. [20] For an additive inhibition effect, drug A and drug B could each inhibit 20% individually, but the additive effect is not 40%.
Ingestion by the animals, affect the secretion of gastric enzymes and steroid hormones that can decrease the feeding stimuli and may also cause problems in reproduction. [67] At low pH, aluminum can increase its solubility according to the following equation. As a result, the negative effects of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems [68] can ...
Adverse human health effects have been associated with a compound. There is an established relationship between the positive and negative effect(s) of the compound. Emerging contaminants are those which have not previously been detected through water quality analysis, or have been found in small concentrations with uncertainty as to their effects.
Let and be doses of compounds 1 and 2 producing in combination an effect . We denote by D e 1 {\displaystyle D_{e1}} and D e 2 {\displaystyle D_{e2}} the doses of compounds 1 and 2 required to produce effect e {\displaystyle e} alone (assuming this conditions uniquely define them, i.e. that the individual dose-response functions are bijective).
In China, Japan, India, and Germany, there is a great deal of interest in and support for the search for new drugs from higher plants. [4] For example, the Herbalome Project was launched in China in 2008 and aims to use high throughput sequencing and toxicity testing to identify active components in traditional herbal remedies. [12]
In invertebrates, these drugs were found to cause reproduction toxicity and hormone disruption and alter their behavior. [8] Antineoplastic drugs are employed during chemotherapy all over the world. They pollute water courses and have 'mutagenic, cytostatic, and ecotoxicological effects on the micro-organisms that are in the aquatic environment.'
Cumulative effects to the environment are the result of multiple activities whose individual direct impacts may be relatively minor but in combination with others result are significant environmental effects. The multiple impacts of different activities may have an additive, synergistic or antagonistic effect on one another and with natural ...
After ingestion, toxic features usually develop within a few minutes. The major lethal consequence of aluminium phosphide ingestion is profound circulatory collapse, and is reportedly secondary to these toxins generated, which lead due to direct effects on cardiomyocytes, [3] fluid loss, and adrenal gland damage. [4]