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With the waning of the Space Race, concluded by cooperation in human spaceflight, focus shifted in the 1970s further to space exploration and telerobotics, having a range of achievements and technological advances. [72] Space exploration meant by then also an engagement by governments in the search for extraterrestrial life.
Spacecraft design includes the design of both robotic spacecrafts (satellites and planetary probes), and spacecrafts for human spaceflight (spaceships and space stations). Human-carrying spacecrafts require additional life support systems, crew accommodations, and safety measures to support human occupants, as well as human factors engineering ...
A space vehicle's flight is determined by application of Newton's second law of motion: =, where F is the vector sum of all forces exerted on the vehicle, m is its current mass, and a is the acceleration vector, the instantaneous rate of change of velocity (v), which in turn is the instantaneous rate of change of displacement.
Space and survival is the idea that the long-term survival of the human species and technological civilization requires the building of a spacefaring civilization that utilizes the resources of outer space, [1] and that not doing this might lead to human extinction. A related observation is that the window of opportunity for doing this may be ...
Research to date into human psychological and sociological effects based on on-orbit near-Earth experiences may have limited generalizability to a long-distance, multi-year space expedition, such as a mission to a near-Earth asteroid (which currently is being considered by NASA) or to Mars. In the case of Mars, new stressors will be introduced ...
A space mission refers to a spaceflight intended to achieve an objective. Objectives for space missions may include space exploration, space research, and national firsts in spaceflight. Space transport is the use of spacecraft to transport people or cargo into or through outer space. This may include human spaceflight and cargo spacecraft flight.
In the piece, the physicist writes, "I believe in the possibility of commercial space travel – for exploration and for the preservation of humanity." See Stephen Hawking through the years:
Imagery collected by Voyager 2 of Ganymede during its flyby of the Jovian system Galileo spacecraft encounters asteroid 243 Ida. A flyby (/ ˈ f l aɪ b aɪ /) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist (also called swing-by) to impel it towards another target. [1]