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Kitching's research focuses on the development of compact devices and instruments that combine elements of precision atomic spectroscopy, silicon micromachining and photonics. In the early 2000s, he and his group pioneered the development of chip-scale atomic clocks and magnetometers based on a patent [5] filed with the USPTO in 2001. These ...
The heart of NIST's next-generation miniature atomic clock -- ticking at high "optical" frequencies-- is this vapor cell on a chip, shown next to a coffee bean for scale. Conventional vapor cell atomic clocks are about the size of a deck of cards, consume about 10 W of electrical power and cost about $3,000.
In addition to increased accuracy, the development of chip-scale atomic clocks has expanded the number of places atomic clocks can be used. In August 2004, NIST scientists demonstrated a chip-scale atomic clock that was 100 times smaller than an ordinary atomic clock and had a much smaller power consumption of 125 mW .
Magnetometers may also be classified by their situation or intended use. Stationary magnetometers are installed to a fixed position and measurements are taken while the magnetometer is stationary. [4] Portable or mobile magnetometers are meant to be used while in motion and may be manually carried or transported in a moving vehicle.
In 2012, it was demonstrated that MEG could work with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (CSAM, type of SERF). [8] More recently, in 2017, researchers built a working prototype that uses SERF magnetometers installed into portable individually 3D-printed helmets, [ 2 ] which they noted in interviews could be replaced with something easier to use ...
Entanglement can be used to improve upon existing atomic clocks [29] [30] [31] or create more sensitive magnetometers. [32] [33] Quantum radars. Quantum radar is also an active area of research. Current classical radars can interrogate many target bins while quantum radars are limited to a single polarization or range. [34]
Products included hydrogen masers, rubidium and cesium atomic standards, temperature and oven controlled crystal oscillators, miniature and chip scale atomic clocks, network time servers, network sync management systems, cable timekeeping solutions, telecom synchronization supply units (SSUs), and timing test sets.
Apple A12 and Huawei Kirin 980 mobile processors, both released in 2018, use 7 nm chips manufactured by TSMC. [ 127 ] AMD began using TSMC 7 nm starting with the Vega 20 GPU in November 2018, [ 128 ] with Zen 2-based CPUs and APUs from July 2019, [ 129 ] and for both PlayStation 5 [ 130 ] and Xbox Series X/S [ 131 ] consoles' APUs, released ...