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Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction. [1] [2] After tooth extraction, the jaw bone has a natural tendency to become narrow, and lose its original shape because the bone quickly resorbs, resulting in 30–60% loss in bone volume in the first six months. [3]
At the time of extraction or after healing and bone remodeling has happened, alveolar bone irregularities may be found. The goal for alveoloplasty [ 8 ] is to achieve optimal tissue support for the planned prosthesis, while preserving as much bone and soft tissue as possible.
The alveolar process is also called the alveolar bone or alveolar ridge. [3] In phonetics , the term refers more specifically to the ridges on the inside of the mouth which can be felt with the tongue , either on roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth.
Alveolar process of maxilla, seen from below. Dental alveoli (singular alveolus) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connects the roots of the teeth and the alveolus is called a gomphosis (plural ...
Generalized bone loss occurs most frequently as horizontal bone loss. [2] Horizontal bone loss manifests as a somewhat even degree of bone resorption so that the height of the bone in relation to the teeth has been uniformly decreased, as indicated in the radiograph to the rig defects occur adjacent to a tooth and usually in the form of a triangular area of missing bone, known as triangulation.
Mandibular bone loss was examined by Crum and Rooney 1978 in patients with immediate complete dentures and in those with immediate overdentures on two lower canines. They found over the five years after placement 0.6mm bone loss in the overdenture group and 5.2 mm in the immediate complete dentures in the anterior part of the mandible.
In cleft palate patients bone grafting during the mixed dentition has been widely accepted since the mid-1960s. The goals of surgery are to stabilize the maxilla, facilitate the healthy eruption of teeth that are adjacent the cleft, improving the esthetics of the base of the nose, create a bone base for dental implants, and to close any oro-nasal fistulas.
The patient must have sufficient maintenance of alveolar bone structure and minimise alveolar bone loss. For example, the removal of teeth results in accelerated loss of facial bone with the alveolar bone receding, resorbing and then disappearing. In the span of 2–3 years, patients can experience 40-60% of alveolar bone loss.