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John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.
The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". In 1016 Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie. From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in ...
The novel Uncanonized (1900) by Margaret Horton Potter features King John. [6] King John is the subject of A. A. Milne's poem for children, King John's Christmas (1927), which begins "King John was not a good man", but slowly builds sympathy for him as he fears not getting anything for Christmas, when all he really wants is a rubber ball. [8]
John's nephew Otto retreated and was soon overthrown while King John agreed to a five-year truce. Philip's decisive victory was crucial in ordering politics in both England and France. The battle was instrumental in forming the absolute monarchy in France. [71] John's defeats in France weakened his position in England.
Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John. During the Tudor period, popular representations of John emerged. [83] He appeared as a "proto-Protestant martyr" in the anonymous play The Troublesome Reign of King John and John Bale's morality play Kynge Johan, in which John attempts to save England from the "evil agents of the Roman Church".
Isabella, Countess of Gloucester (c. 1160–1166 – October 1217), [1] was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman who was the first wife of King John of England. Lineage and family [ edit ]
Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852–1917), as King John in 'King John' by William Shakespeare, Charles A. Buchel (1900). The Life and Death of King John, often shortened to King John, a history play by William Shakespeare, dramatises the reign of John, King of England (ruled 1199–1216), the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine and the father of Henry III.
The king and his court were itinerant during this period. Not only did kings divide their time between England and Normandy, but within England, kings constantly traveled throughout the kingdom with the small council (see below) and the royal household staff. [36] King John's household, for example, moved an average of 13 times a month. [37]