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During the 5th century BC, a series of reforms were passed (the leges Valeria Horatio or the "laws of the consuls Valerius and Horatius"), which ultimately required that any law passed by the Plebeian Council have the full force of law over both plebeians and Patricians. This gave the plebeian tribunes, who presided over the Plebeian Council, a ...
Plebeian military tribunes served in 399, 396, 383, and 379, but in all other years between 444 and 376 BC, every consul or military tribune with consular powers was a patrician. [ i ] [ 15 ] [ 14 ] Beginning in 376, Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo and Lucius Sextius Lateranus , tribunes of the plebs, used the veto power to prevent the election of ...
Plebeians were barred from marrying patricians in 450 BC but this law was annulled five years later in 445 BC by a tribune of the plebs. [2] [page needed] In 444 BC, the office of military tribune with consular powers was created. The plebeians who filled this office were then entitled to join the senate after their one-year term was completed.
The plebeian council (Latin: concilium plebis) was one of the popular assemblies of ancient Rome. In the standard conception of the classical republican constitution, it was essentially identical to the tribal assembly except that patricians were excluded and it was presided over mainly be plebeian tribunes.
Tribune (Latin: Tribunus) was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome.The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes.For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto ...
The plebeians accepted this. The senate decreed the abdication of the decemviri, the election of the plebeian tribunes and the mentioned immunity. The plebeians returned to Rome and elected their tribunes. The plebeian council carried a motion of immunity and passed a bill for the election of consuls subject to appeal. [20]
The number of consular tribunes varied between three and six, and because they were considered colleagues of the two censors, there is sometimes mention of the "eight tribunes". [7] Originally patrician office holders, they were referred to as military tribunes and were responsible for leading the armies into battle. It was only much later that ...
In 450 BC, during what was to be the 200-year Conflict of the Orders between the patricians and the plebeians, the patricians gave “consent to the appointment of a body of legislators, chosen in equal numbers from plebeians and patricians to enact what would be useful to both orders and secure equal liberty for each.” [1] The plebeians wanted a published set of laws so that there were ...