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In computing, cp is a command in various Unix and Unix-like operating systems for copying files and directories.The command has three principal modes of operation, expressed by the types of arguments presented to the program for copying a file to another file, one or more files to a directory, or for copying entire directories to another directory.
Copy-on-write (COW), also called implicit sharing [1] or shadowing, [2] is a resource-management technique [3] used in programming to manage shared data efficiently. Instead of copying data right away when multiple programs use it, the same data is shared between programs until one tries to modify it.
Unionfs is a filesystem service for Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD which implements a union mount for other file systems.It allows files and directories of separate file systems, known as branches, to be transparently overlaid, forming a single coherent file system.
Since an erase of the cells in the page is needed before it can be written to again, but only entire blocks can be erased, an overwrite will initiate a read-erase-modify-write cycle: [7] [12] the contents of the entire block are stored in cache, then the entire block is erased from the SSD, then the overwritten page(s) is written into the ...
For a process to start the execution of a different program, it first forks to create a copy of itself. Then, the copy, called the "child process", calls the exec system call to overlay itself with the other program: it ceases execution of its former program in favor of the other. The fork operation creates a separate address space for the ...
dd is a command-line utility for Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems and beyond, the primary purpose of which is to convert and copy files. [1] On Unix, device drivers for hardware (such as hard disk drives) and special device files (such as /dev/zero and /dev/random) appear in the file system just like normal files; dd can also read and/or write from/to these files ...
Standard names of such functions in C are execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, and execvp (see below), but not "exec" itself. The Linux kernel has one corresponding system call named "execve", whereas all aforementioned functions are user-space wrappers around it. Higher-level languages usually provide one call named exec.
The test command in Unix evaluates the expression parameter. In most recent shell implementations, it is a shell builtin, even though the external version still exists.In the second form of the command, the [ ] (brackets) must be surrounded by blank spaces (this is because [is a program and POSIX compatible shells require a space between the program name and its arguments).