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  2. Chlorine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

    About 1000 ppm can be fatal after a few deep breaths of the gas. [18] The IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) concentration is 10 ppm. [ 129 ] Breathing lower concentrations can aggravate the respiratory system and exposure to the gas can irritate the eyes. [ 130 ]

  3. Mass spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry

    Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS/MS or IMMS) is a technique where ions are first separated by drift time through some neutral gas under an applied electrical potential gradient before being introduced into a mass spectrometer. [43] Drift time is a measure of the collisional cross section relative to the charge of the ion.

  4. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography–mass...

    The mass spectrometry process normally requires a very pure sample while gas chromatography using a traditional detector (e.g. Flame ionization detector) cannot differentiate between multiple molecules that happen to take the same amount of time to travel through the column (i.e. have the same retention time), which results in two or more ...

  5. Mass spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrum

    Electron ionization mass spectrum of toluene. Note parent peak corresponding to molecular mass M = 92 (C 7 H 8 +) and highest peak at M-1 = 91 (C 7 H 7 +, quasi-stable tropylium cation). A mass spectrum is a histogram plot of intensity vs. mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) in a chemical sample, [1] usually acquired using an instrument called a mass ...

  6. Mass chromatogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_chromatogram

    A mass chromatogram is a representation of mass spectrometry data as a chromatogram, where the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents signal intensity. [1] The source data contains mass information; however, it is not graphically represented in a mass chromatogram in favor of visualizing signal intensity versus time.

  7. List of mass spectrometry software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_spectrometry...

    Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) database of over 930,000 (as of December 2023) [59] metabolites and other molecular entities, generated from high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. [60] It also includes, ion mobility, [61] neutral loss, [62] and LC/MS data. [63] [64] mineXpert Open source GPL

  8. Time-resolved spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-resolved_spectroscopy

    In physics and physical chemistry, time-resolved spectroscopy is the study of dynamic processes in materials or chemical compounds by means of spectroscopic techniques.Most often, processes are studied after the illumination of a material occurs, but in principle, the technique can be applied to any process that leads to a change in properties of a material.

  9. Isotopes of chlorine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine

    Chlorine (17 Cl) has 25 isotopes, ranging from 28 Cl to 52 Cl, and two isomers, 34m Cl and 38m Cl. There are two stable isotopes, 35 Cl (75.8%) and 37 Cl (24.2%), giving chlorine a standard atomic weight of 35.45.