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Fiqh (/ f iː k /; [1] Arabic: فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence. [2] Fiqh is often described as the style of human understanding and practices of the sharia ; [ 3 ] that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions).
The historian Ibn Khaldun describes fiqh as "knowledge of the rules of God which concern the actions of persons who own themselves bound to obey the law respecting what is required , sinful , recommended , disapproved or neutral ". [4] This definition is consistent amongst the jurists.
Uṣūl al-fiqh is a genitive construction with two Arabic terms, uṣūl and fiqh. Uṣūl means roots r basis. Some says, Uṣūl, the plural form of Aṣl, means Rājih (preponderant). It also signifies Qā’idah (rules), which is the real-world application of the word. For example: "every sentence must contain a verb" is a rule of Grammar.
Sunnī Islam contains numerous schools of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and schools of Islamic theology (ʿaqīdah). [1] In terms of religious jurisprudence , Sunnism contains several schools of thought : [1] the Ḥanafī school, founded by Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān (8th century CE);
In the second century of Islam, schools of fiqh were noted for the loyalty of their jurists to the legal practices of their local communities, whether Mecca, Kufa, Basra, Syria, etc. [11] (Egypt's school in Fustat was a branch of Medina's school of law and followed such practices—up until the end of the 8th century—as basing verdict on one ...
2014 fatwa against illegal hunting and wildlife trade (Indonesia) ... Sudan's Islamic Fiqh Council, the country's highest religious authority, issued a fatwa against ...
In Greece (only in Thrace), Indonesia (outside of Aceh, and in most circumstances), Nigeria (outside the states using Sharia law), Senegal (only in inheritance), and in the UK (in extrajudicial courts judgments and not the British legal system) people can choose whether to pursue a case in a Sharia or secular court. [14]
Maslaha or maslahah (Arabic: مصلحة, lit. ' public interest ') is a concept in Sharia (Islamic divine law) regarded as a basis of law. [1] It forms a part of extended methodological principles of Islamic jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and denotes prohibition or permission of something, according to necessity and particular circumstances, on the basis of whether it serves the public ...