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2. Ophcrack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophcrack

   Ophcrack is a free open-source (GPL licensed) program that cracks Windows log-in passwords by using LM hashes through rainbow tables.The program includes the ability to import the hashes from a variety of formats, including dumping directly from the SAM files of Windows, and can be run via the command line or using the program’s GUI (Graphical user interface).

3. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   One of the modes John can use is the dictionary attack. [6] It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a dictionary or real passwords cracked before), encrypting it in the same format as the password being examined (including both the encryption algorithm and key), and comparing the output to the encrypted string.

4. L0phtCrack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0phtCrack

   L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery application originally produced by Mudge from L0pht Heavy Industries. It is used to test password strength and sometimes to recover lost Microsoft Windows passwords, by using dictionary, brute-force, hybrid attacks, and rainbow tables. [3] The initial version was released in the Spring of 1997. [4]

5. Kon-Boot - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon-Boot

   Kon-Boot (aka konboot, kon boot) is a software utility that allows users to bypass Microsoft Windows passwords and Apple macOS passwords (Linux support has been deprecated) without lasting or persistent changes to system on which it is executed.

6. Cain and Abel (software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(software)

   Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) was a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows.It could recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. [1]

7. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   There are many password cracking software tools, but the most popular [37] are Aircrack-ng, Cain & Abel, John the Ripper, Hashcat, Hydra, DaveGrohl, and ElcomSoft. Many litigation support software packages also include password cracking functionality. Most of these packages employ a mixture of cracking strategies; algorithms with brute-force ...

8. Encrypting File System - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrypting_File_System

   In Windows 2000, XP or later, the user's RSA private key is encrypted using a hash of the user's NTLM password hash plus the user name – use of a salted hash makes it extremely difficult to reverse the process and recover the private key without knowing the user's passphrase. Also, again, setting Syskey to mode 2 or 3 (Syskey typed in during ...

9. Recuva - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recuva

   Recuva (/ r ɪ ˈ k ʌ v ə /) [2] is an undeletion program for Windows, developed by Piriform Software. It is able to undelete files that have been marked as deleted; the operating system marks the areas of the disk in which they were stored as free space. [3]