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  2. Renal artery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_artery

    Each vessel gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. One or two accessory renal arteries are frequently found, especially on the left side since they usually arise from the aorta, and may come off above (more common) or below the main artery.

  3. Renal circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_circulation

    After filtration occurs, the blood moves through a small network of venules that converge into interlobular veins. As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the arcuate veins then back to the interlobar veins, which come to form the renal vein exiting the kidney for transfusion for ...

  4. Vasa recta (kidney) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_recta_(kidney)

    The vasa recta of the kidney, (vasa recta renis) are the straight arterioles, and the straight venules of the kidney, – a series of blood vessels in the blood supply of the kidney that enter the medulla as the straight arterioles, and leave the medulla to ascend to the cortex as the straight venules. (Latin: vās, "vessel"; rēctus, "straight").

  5. Glomerulus (kidney) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)

    The glomerulus (pl.: glomeruli) is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. Each of the two kidneys contains about one million nephrons. The tuft is structurally supported by the mesangium (the space between the blood vessels), composed of intraglomerular mesangial cells.

  6. Afferent arterioles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afferent_arterioles

    When renal blood flow is reduced (indicating hypotension) or there is a decrease in sodium or chloride ion concentration, the macula densa of the distal tubule releases prostaglandins (mainly PGI2 and PGE2) and nitric oxide, which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin, activating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, to increase blood pressure ...

  7. Efferent arteriole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efferent_arteriole

    They do break up, but they form bundles of vessels (arteriolae recti) that cross the outer zone of the medulla to perfuse the inner zone. Vessels returning from the inner medulla ( venulae recti ) intersperse themselves in a highly regular fashion among the descending arteriolae recti to form a well-organized rete mirabile .

  8. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    The concave part of the bean-shaped kidneys is called the renal hilum, through which the renal artery and nerves enter the kidney. The renal vein, collecting lymphatic vessels and ureter exit the kidney through the renal hilum. [6] [55] The kidneys are located retroperitoneally [6] on the back wall of the body of mammals. [7]

  9. Neurovascular unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurovascular_unit

    The cells of the neurovascular unit also make up the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which plays an important role in maintaining the microenvironment of the brain. [11] In addition to regulating the exit and entrance of blood, the blood–brain barrier also filters toxins that may cause inflammation, injury, and disease. [12]