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Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. ISBN 0-521-79540-0. A modern, geometrically flavored introduction to algebraic topology. The book is available free in PDF and PostScript formats on the author's homepage. Kainen, P. C. (1971). "Weak Adjoint Functors". Mathematische Zeitschrift. 122: 1– 9.
In algebraic topology the cap product is a method of adjoining a chain of degree p with a cochain of degree q, such that q ≤ p, to form a composite chain of degree p − q. It was introduced by Eduard Čech in 1936, and independently by Hassler Whitney in 1938.
For example, the cohomology ring of a path-connected H-space with finitely generated and free cohomology groups is a Hopf algebra. [9] Also, one can define the Pontryagin product on the homology groups of an H-space. [10] The fundamental group of an H-space is abelian. To see this, let X be an H-space with identity e and let f and g be loops at e.
This terminology is often used in the case of the algebraic topology on the set of discrete, faithful representations of a Kleinian group into PSL(2,C). Another topology, the geometric topology (also called the Chabauty topology ), can be put on the set of images of the representations, and its closure can include extra Kleinian groups that are ...
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology, the cup product is a method of adjoining two cocycles of degree p and q to form a composite cocycle of degree p + q.This defines an associative (and distributive) graded commutative product operation in cohomology, turning the cohomology of a space X into a graded ring, H ∗ (X), called the cohomology ring.
Differential graded algebra: the algebraic structure arising on the cochain level for the cup product; Poincaré duality: swaps some of these; Intersection theory: for a similar theory in algebraic geometry
In mathematics, especially in algebraic topology, the homotopy limit and colimit [1] pg 52 are variants of the notions of limit and colimit extended to the homotopy category (). The main idea is this: if we have a diagram
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the mapping cylinder [1] of a continuous function between topological spaces and is the quotient = (([,])) / where the denotes the disjoint union, and ~ is the equivalence relation generated by