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Medetomidine is a veterinary anesthetic drug with potent sedative effects and emerging illicit drug adulterant. [ 1 ] It is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers , levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine , the latter being the isomer with the pharmacologic effect as an alpha 2- adrenergic agonist .
The rise of medetomidine comes as overdose deaths have fallen slightly. More than 107,000 people died of a drug overdose last year, down from about 111,000 in 2022, according to a recent report.
Medetomidine is a surgical veterinary anesthetic used for both small and large animals. It is in the same drug class as xylazine, another veterinary tranquilizer, known as the “zombie drug."
Medetomidine shares similar traits with xylazine, also known as “tranq,” another powerful animal tranquilizer that recently made its way into Wisconsin’s illicit drug market.
[10] [11] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. [5] It is administered as an injection or intravenous solution or as a buccal or sublingual film. [1] Similar to clonidine, dexmedetomidine is a sympatholytic drug that acts as an agonist of α 2-adrenergic receptors in certain parts ...
Atipamezole is a veterinary drug whose prime purpose is to reverse the effects of the sedative dexmedetomidine (as well as its racemic mixture, medetomidine). [note 1] [9] [10] It can also be used to reverse the related sedative xylazine. [11]
They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.
In 2014, the chemistry department of Iran's Imam Hossein University "sought kilogram quantities of medetomidine — a sedative it has researched as an aerosolized incapacitant — from Chinese ...