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Ménagerie is the French translation of Xenophon's famous book Oeconomicus [6] (Ancient Greek: Οἰκονομικός) on household matters and husbandry. The French word mesnagement (or ménagement) influenced the semantic development of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries. [7]
Central Secretariat Service (Hindi: केंद्रीय सचिवालय सेवा; abbreviated as CSS) is the administrative civil service under Group A [3] and Group B [4] of the Central Civil Services of the executive branch of the Government of India.
It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways, totalling over 92,851.05 km (57,694.97 mi) in length. [6] The NHAI is also responsible of the toll collection on several highways. [7] Yogendra Narain was the first Chairman of NHAI in 1988. He is a retired IAS officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre. In June 2022 ...
Typically, responsibilities include being an active decision-maker on business strategy and other key policy issues, as well as leader, manager, and executor roles. The communicator role can involve speaking to the press and to the public, as well as to the organization's management and employees; the decision-making role involves high-level ...
A CAO is responsible for administrative management of private, public or governmental organizations and the de facto head of the organization.. In a municipal context, the title is usually used as an alternative for city manager, [1] county administrator, or county executive, particularly in cases where the position does not include powers such as the authority to appoint or dismiss department ...
The most formal type of a governing body is a government, which has the responsibility and authority to make binding decisions for a specific geopolitical system (like a country) through established rules and guidelines. A government may operate as a democracy where citizens vote on who should govern towards the goal of public good. Beyond ...
In the early years of the profession, most managers came from the ranks of the engineering professions. [17] Today, the typical and preferred background and education for the beginning municipal manager is a master's degree in Public Administration (MPA), and at least several years' experience as a department head in local government, or as an assistant city manager.
In presidential systems, the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters. [2] In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include: