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The post-increment and post-decrement operators increase (or decrease) the value of their operand by 1, but the value of the expression is the operand's value prior to the increment (or decrement) operation. In languages where increment/decrement is not an expression (e.g., Go), only one version is needed (in the case of Go, post operators only).
This approach is characteristic of functional programming and is also used by the string implementations in Java, C#, and Python. (See Immutable object.) The second class of approaches are synchronization-related, and are used in situations where shared state cannot be avoided: Mutual exclusion
«for index» «from first» «by increment» «to last» «while condition» do statements od: for key «to upb list» do «typename val=list[key];» statements od «while condition» do statements od «while statements; condition» do statements od «for index» «from first» «by increment» «to last» do statements od: APL:While condition
Immediately invoked function expressions can be used to avoid variable hoisting from within blocks, protecting against polluting the global environment and simultaneously allowing public access to methods while retaining privacy for variables defined within the function. In other words, it wraps functions and variables, keeping them out of the ...
In computer programming, a loop counter is a control variable that controls the iterations of a loop (a computer programming language construct). It is so named because most uses of this construct result in the variable taking on a range of integer values in some orderly sequences (for example., starting at 0 and ending at 10 in increments of 1)
For example, consider variables a, b and c of some user-defined type, such as matrices: a + b * c In a language that supports operator overloading, and with the usual assumption that the '*' operator has higher precedence than the '+' operator, this is a concise way of writing:
If the variable has a signed integer type, a program may make the assumption that a variable always contains a positive value. An integer overflow can cause the value to wrap and become negative, which violates the program's assumption and may lead to unexpected behavior (for example, 8-bit integer addition of 127 + 1 results in −128, a two's ...
In Python, a generator can be thought of as an iterator that contains a frozen stack frame. Whenever next() is called on the iterator, Python resumes the frozen frame, which executes normally until the next yield statement is reached. The generator's frame is then frozen again, and the yielded value is returned to the caller.