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The following list of countries by coffee production catalogues sovereign states that have conducive climate and infrastructure to foster the production of coffee beans. [1] Many of these countries maintain substantial supply-chain relations with the world's largest coffeehouse chains and enterprises. [ 2 ]
In 2009, Brazil was the world leader in production of green coffee, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia and Ethiopia. [8] Arabica coffee beans are cultivated in Latin America, eastern Africa, Arabia, or Asia. Robusta coffee beans are grown in western and central Africa, throughout southeast Asia, and to some extent in Brazil. [9]
In 1932, Kona had over 1000 coffee farms; over 90% of these were managed by Japanese Hawaiians. [11] The Great Depression of the 1930s depressed prices, and caused many farmers to default on their debts. After World War II, and another frost in South America, prices rose again in the 1950s. Production peaked in 1957 at over 18 million pounds. [9]
Coffee plantation in Puerto Rico. Coffee production in Puerto Rico has a checkered history between the 18th century and the present. Output peaked during the Spanish colonial rule but slumped when the autonomous island was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898 and the Puerto Rican Peso devalued forcing Puerto Ricans to sell their land cheap and become wage laborers instead. [1]
The coffee production in Mexico is the world's 8th largest with 252,000 tonnes produced in 2009, [1] and is mainly concentrated to the south central to southern regions of the country. The coffee is mainly arabica , which grows particularly well in the coastal region of Soconusco , Chiapas , near the border of Guatemala .
A coffee plantation in the Orosí valley. Coffee production has played a key role in Costa Rica's history and continues to be important to the country's economy.In 2006, coffee was Costa Rica's number three export, [1] after being the number one cash crop export for several decades.
Coffee production began to develop in Guatemala in the 1850s. Coffee is an important element of Guatemala's economy. [1] Guatemala was Central America's top producer of coffee for most of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, until being overtaken by Honduras in 2011. [1]
Coffee production uses a large volume of water. On average it takes about 140 litres (37 US gal) of water to grow the coffee beans needed to produce one cup of coffee. Growing the plants needed to produce 1 kg (2.2 lb) of roasted coffee in Africa, South America or Asia requires 26,400 litres (7,000 US gal) of water. [86]