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Prevenient grace (or preceding grace or enabling grace) is a Christian theological concept that refers to the grace of God in a person's life which precedes and prepares to conversion. The concept was first developed by Augustine of Hippo (354–430), was affirmed by the Second Council of Orange (529) and has become part of Catholic theology.
Irresistible grace (also called effectual grace, [1] effectual calling, or efficacious grace) is a doctrine in Christian theology particularly associated with Calvinism, which teaches that the saving grace of God is effectually applied to those whom he has determined to save (the elect) and, in God's timing, overcomes their resistance to obeying the call of the gospel, bringing them to faith ...
Prevenient grace first imparts essential spiritual enlightenment, after which the power to believe is granted exclusively to the elect. [67] Augustine viewed the grace leading to justification as unfailing for the elect, [ 68 ] [ 69 ] though he did not explicitly call it "irresistible grace". [ 70 ]
The doctrine of prevenient grace remains one of Methodism's most important doctrines. [69] John Wesley distinguished three kinds of divine grace in the process of salvation: 1. "Prevenient grace" which is an enabling grace preceding regeneration ("prevenient" means preceding). 2.
This view aligns neither with Classical Arminianism or Calvinism as it is distinguished from Arminianism by denying the Arminian doctrine of prevenient grace and the plausibility of losing one's salvation by teaching eternal security, while it differs from Calvinism by affirming libertarian free will and due to a denial of unconditional election.
Augustine argued that prevenient grace is necessary to prepare the human will for conversion. [27] He maintained that God predetermined parents to seek baptism for their newborns, linking water baptism to regeneration. [28] Furthermore, he viewed the divine grace that brings about conversion as unfailing. [29] [30] [31]
This article asserts that once God's prevenient grace has enabled a man to believe, man can resist God's grace by exercising his free will. It rejects the idea that justifying grace is irresistible. [8] [10] [13]
Common grace is a theological concept in Protestant Christianity, developed primarily in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Reformed/Calvinistic thought, referring to the grace of God that is either common to all humankind, or common to everyone within a particular sphere of influence (limited only by unnecessary cultural factors). It is common ...