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Damping capacity is a mechanical property of materials that measure a material's ability to dissipate elastic strain energy during mechanical vibration or wave propagation. When ranked according to damping capacity, materials may be roughly categorized as either high- or low-damping.
Relative damping capacity of various metals [15] Materials Damping capacity † Gray iron (high carbon equivalent) 100–500 Gray iron (low carbon equivalent) 20–100 Ductile iron: 5–20 Malleable iron: 8–15 White iron: 2–4 Steel: 4 Aluminum: 0.47 † Natural log of the ratio of successive amplitudes
The damping ratio provides a mathematical means of expressing the level of damping in a system relative to critical damping. For a damped harmonic oscillator with mass m , damping coefficient c , and spring constant k , it can be defined as the ratio of the damping coefficient in the system's differential equation to the critical damping ...
Hysteresis of structural material, for example the compression of rubber disks, stretching of rubber bands and cords, bending of steel springs, or twisting of torsion bars. Hysteresis is the tendency for otherwise elastic materials to rebound with less force than was required to deform them. Simple vehicles with no separate shock absorbers are ...
Impact damping refers to only a single (somewhat larger) auxiliary mass in a cavity, whereas particle damping is used to imply multiple auxiliary masses of small size in a cavity. The principle behind particle damping is the removal of vibratory energy through losses that occur during impact of granular particles which move freely within the ...
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The ratio of the loss modulus to storage modulus in a viscoelastic material is defined as the , (cf. loss tangent), which provides a measure of damping in the material. tan δ {\displaystyle \tan \delta } can also be visualized as the tangent of the phase angle ( δ {\displaystyle \delta } ) between the storage and loss modulus.
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.