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According to instrumentalists, higher education is a way of increasing profit, ensuring economic boost and sustainable development and transferring ideologies of governments, transnational corporations, stakeholders or supranational regimes. Furthermore, higher education is required to meet the demands of the capitalist and global world.
Cross-border higher education has emerged to become a very complex phenomenon and has grown at an extraordinary pace. [4] The last two decades have seen a significant growth in the mobility of higher education programs and providers through physical and virtual modes of delivery. [2]
The Institute of International Education (IIE) is researching effective ways that higher education in the United States can grow and create quality study abroad programs within the curriculum. [6] Many K-12 schools within the United States have adapted a Global Education Framework that was created for statewide implementation.
College and university rankings order higher education institutions based on various criteria, with factors differing depending on the specific ranking system. These rankings can be conducted at the national or international level, assessing institutions within a single country, within a specific geographical region, or worldwide.
The funding of higher education is contingent on the internal resources and policies enacted within the country of study. The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) uses knowledge gathered by the Higher Education Policy Team to compare the funding of higher education in the 38 countries that are affiliated with this international organization.
Education is being restructured on market principles - thus, in the realm of higher education, knowledge production and dissemination is becoming commodified. [32] As knowledge management is coming to outweigh labor on the global stage, there is an increasing prevalence of neoliberal economic ideologies.
The European Union's interest in Education policy (as opposed to Education programmes) developed after the Lisbon summit in March 2000, at which the EU's Heads of State and Government asked the Education Ministers of the EU to reflect on the "concrete objectives" of education systems with a view to improving them. [2]
Shifts in technology associated with globalization have also had an impact on multilingualism and on majority language use generally. Since the 1990s, the widespread use of the internet, and later of smart devices, has expanded the necessity of both receptive language skills like reading and listening and English multilingualism. [ 13 ]