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An unusual variant is the toggle bolt design of the Borchardt C-93 and its descendant, the Luger pistol. While the short recoil design is most common in pistols, the very first short-recoil–operated firearm was also the first machine gun, the Maxim gun. It used a toggle bolt similar to the one Borchardt later adapted to pistols.
A guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The .30-06 Springfield (at 2.064 lbf-s) is considered the upper limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters. [2] Chg: Propellant charge, in grains; Dia: Bullet diameter, in inches; BC: Ballistic coefficient, G1 model; L: Case length (mm)
Short-recoil: Colt M1911, MAB PA-15, Browning Hi-Power, HK USP, Glock, Mamba Pistol, M2 Browning machine gun, MG42, Vz 52 pistol, M82 Long-recoil : Browning Auto 5 , Femaru STOP Pistol , Mars Automatic Pistol , Chauchat
In most cases, a gun is very close to a free-recoil condition, since the recoil process generally lasts much longer than the time needed to move the ejecta down the barrel. An example of near zero-recoil would be a gun securely clamped to a massive or well-anchored table, or supported from behind by a massive wall.
Firearms that are physically small, such as handguns, use a system of recoil referred to as short recoil. [1] [4] This is adequate for the smaller calibers. In large firearms such as the Browning M2HB .50 caliber machine gun a similar system called long recoil is used. The difference is how far the breech and barrel recoil together after a shot ...
Caliber/calibre: In small arms, the internal diameter of a firearm's barrel or a cartridge's bullet, usually expressed in millimeters or hundredths of an inch; in measuring rifled barrels this may be measured across the lands (.303 British) or grooves (.308 Winchester) or; a specific cartridge for which a firearm is chambered, such as .45 ACP or .357 Magnum.
Pistols produced by Colt for a short period were not strengthened in any obvious way relative to their .45 ACP equivalent. The same was true of the first 10mm 1911 pistols produced by Colt and they had to be strengthened, but with full pressure loads, recoil was higher than with the .45 ACP.
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