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A pandiagonal magic square or panmagic square (also diabolic square, diabolical square or diabolical magic square) is a magic square with the additional property that the broken diagonals, i.e. the diagonals that wrap round at the edges of the square, also add up to the magic constant.
A pan-diagonal magic square remains a pan-diagonal magic square under cyclic shifting of rows or of columns or both. [68] This allows us to position a given number in any one of the n 2 cells of an n order square. Thus, for a given pan-magic square, there are n 2 equivalent pan-magic squares. In the example below, the original square on the ...
The fact that this square is a pandiagonal magic square can be verified by checking that all of its broken diagonals add up to the same constant: 3+12+14+5 = 34 10+1+7+16 = 34 10+13+7+4 = 34. One way to visualize a broken diagonal is to imagine a "ghost image" of the panmagic square adjacent to the original:
It contains no magic squares. The smallest pantriagonal magic cube has order 4. A pantriagonal magic cube is the 3-dimensional equivalent of the pandiagonal magic square – instead of the ability to move a line from one edge to the opposite edge of the square with it remaining magic, you can move a plane from one edge to the other.
A magic hypercube of dimension n is perfect if all pan-n-agonals sum correctly.Then all lower-dimension hypercubes contained in it are also perfect. For dimension 2, The Pandiagonal Magic Square has been called perfect for many years.
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A magic hyperbeam (n-dimensional magic rectangle) is a variation on a magic hypercube where the orders along each direction may be different. As such a magic hyperbeam generalises the two dimensional magic rectangle and the three dimensional magic beam , a series that mimics the series magic square , magic cube and magic hypercube.