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Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [5] It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump .
The common side effect is low blood sugar. [5] Other side effects may include pain or skin changes at the sites of injection, low blood potassium, and allergic reactions. [5] Use during pregnancy is relatively safe for the baby. [5] Regular insulin can be made from the pancreas of pigs or cows. [2]
The same review did not find any differences in effects of using these insulin analogues between adults and children. [6] Most oral anti-diabetic agents are contraindicated in pregnancy, in which case insulin is preferred. [7] Insulin is not administered by other routes, although this has been studied.
A short-acting insulin is used to simulate the endogenous insulin surge produced in anticipation of eating. Regular insulin, lispro, aspart and glulisine can be used for this purpose. Regular insulin should be given with about a 30-minute lead-time prior to the meal to be maximally effective and to minimize the possibility of hypoglycemia.
Glulisine is rapid acting insulin analog from Sanofi-Aventis, approved for use with a regular syringe, in an insulin pump. Standard syringe delivery is also an option. It is sold under the name Apidra. The FDA-approved label states that it differs from regular human insulin by its rapid onset and shorter duration of action. [3]
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There are several types of insulin that are commonly used in medical practice, with varying times of onset and duration of action. [32] - Rapid acting (i.e. insulin lispro) with onset in 15 minutes and duration of about 4 hrs. - Short acting (i.e. regular insulin) with onset in 30 minutes and duration of about 6 hrs.
Conventional insulin therapy is characterized by: Insulin injections of a mixture of regular (or rapid) and intermediate acting insulin are performed two times a day, or to improve overnight glucose, mixed in the morning to cover breakfast and lunch, but with regular (or rapid) acting insulin alone for dinner and intermediate acting insulin at bedtime (instead of being mixed in at dinner).