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Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) is a large language model by OpenAI and the second in their foundational series of GPT models. GPT-2 was pre-trained on a dataset of 8 million web pages. [2] It was partially released in February 2019, followed by full release of the 1.5-billion-parameter model on November 5, 2019. [3] [4] [5]
OpenAI invited safety and security researchers to apply for early access of these models until January 10, 2025. [1] [3] There are two different models: o3 and o3-mini. [4] On January 31, 2025, OpenAI released o3-mini to all ChatGPT users (including free-tier) and some API users. o3-mini features three reasoning effort levels: low, medium and ...
Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.
Evaluations of controlled LLM output measure the amount memorized from training data (focused on GPT-2-series models) as variously over 1% for exact duplicates [136] or up to about 7%. [ 137 ] A 2023 study showed that when ChatGPT 3.5 turbo was prompted to repeat the same word indefinitely, after a few hundreds of repetitions, it would start ...
ISO 10816-3:2009 Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ; ISO 10816-4:2009 Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings; ISO 10816-5:2000 Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants; ISO 10816-6:1995 Part 6 ...
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3.5 (GPT-3.5) is a sub class of GPT-3 Models created by OpenAI in 2022. On March 15, 2022, OpenAI made available new versions of GPT-3 and Codex in its API with edit and insert capabilities under the names "text-davinci-002" and "code-davinci-002". [ 28 ]
GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is a multilingual, multimodal generative pre-trained transformer developed by OpenAI and released in May 2024. [1] GPT-4o is free, but ChatGPT Plus subscribers have higher usage limits. [2] It can process and generate text, images and audio. [3]
GPT-J is a GPT-3-like model with 6 billion parameters. [4] Like GPT-3, it is an autoregressive, decoder-only transformer model designed to solve natural language processing (NLP) tasks by predicting how a piece of text will continue. [1] Its architecture differs from GPT-3 in three main ways. [1]