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The vision of infants under one month of age ranges from 6/240 to 6/60 (20/800 to 20/200). [4] By two months, visual acuity improves to 6/45 (20/150). By four months, acuity improves by a factor of 2 – calculated to be 6/18 (20/60) vision. As the infant grows, the acuity reaches the healthy adult standard of 6/6 (20/20) at six months. [5]
Short title: Birth to 36 months: Boys, Length-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles: Image title: CDC Growth Charts: United States: Author: NCHS: Keywords
The first version of the LEA test was developed in 1976 by Finnish pediatric ophthalmologist Lea Hyvärinen, MD, PhD. Dr. Hyvärinen completed her thesis on fluorescein angiography and helped start the first clinical laboratory in that area while serving as a fellow at the Wilmer Eye Institute of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1967.
An explorative study found, however, that 3- to 5-month-old infants can be taught independent standing, which was considered safe. [32] Passes objects between hands. [31] Some infantile reflexes, such as the palmar grasp reflex, go away. [31] Grabs objects using a raking grasp, where fingers rake at objects to pick them up. [31]
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Near visual acuity or near vision is a measure of how clearly a person can see nearby small objects or letters.Visual acuity in general usually refers clarity of distance vision, and is measured using eye charts like Snellen chart, LogMAR chart etc. Near vision is usually measured and recorded using a printed hand-held card containing different sized paragraphs, words, letters or symbols.
The chart contains rows of the letter "E" in various kinds of rotation. The patient is asked to state (usually by pointing) where the limbs of the E are pointing, "up, down, left or right." Depending on how far the patient can "read", his or her visual acuity is quantified. It works on the same principle as Snellen's distant vision chart.
It was validated both at the hospital and the community level against the standard Denver Developmental Screening Test. [2]With a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 78.8%, it can be used even by community level health worker for mass screening and takes around 5 minutes to complete. [2]