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2006 Virginia Question 1, the Marshall-Newman Amendment (also referred to as the Virginia Marriage Amendment) is an amendment to the Constitution of Virginia that defines marriage as solely between one man and one woman and bans recognition of any legal status "approximat[ing] the design, qualities, significance, or effects of marriage". [3]
Hundreds of conspiracy theories about Freemasonry have been described since the late 18th century. [1] Usually, these theories fall into three distinct categories: political (usually involving allegations of control of government, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom), religious (usually involving allegations of anti-Christian or Satanic beliefs or practices), and cultural ...
Over the years, a variety of exposures have been published which purport to represent Masonic ritual, including Masonry Dissected by Samuel Prichard in 1730, [17] Three Distinct Knocks in 1760, [18] Jachin and Boaz in 1762, [19] [20] and Morgan's Exposure of Freemasonry in 1826. [21]
The Grand Orient de France, in addition to recognising women's masonry, decided in 2010 that there was no reason that its lodges should not be able to initiate women, thus adding another strand to international co-masonry. [53] The Anglo-American jurisdictions of Freemasonry follow a set of traditions referred to in ritual as the Ancient Landmarks.
Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) [1] [2] [3] or simply Masonry includes various fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 14th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. Freemasonry is the oldest ...
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A specific charge made in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia [20] against Freemasonry is that the introduction of speculative Masonry in the early eighteenth-century specifically aimed at "dechristianising" the old operative masonry lodges. However, this charge was dropped from subsequent editions.
The trade secrets of masonry shall be kept confidential; However, as civic ordinances, the London Regulations also imposed new local administrative requirements. [15] Masons had to register with the city authorities and join an approved guild in order to practice their trade in London. Restrictions were enacted on wages.