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The kelvin (symbol: K) is the base unit for temperature in the International System of Units (SI). The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale that starts at ...
The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as 0 kelvin (International System of Units), which is −273.15 degrees on the Celsius scale, [1] [2] and equals −459.67 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale (United States customary units or imperial units). [3]
Comparison of temperature scales; Comment Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit Rankine Delisle Newton Réaumur Rømer; Absolute zero: 0.00 −273.15 −459.67 0.00 559.73 −90.14
The radiation of outer space has a different temperature than the kinetic temperature of the gas, meaning that the gas and radiation are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] All of the observable universe is filled with photons that were created during the Big Bang, which is known as the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB).
Thermodynamic temperature is a quantity defined in thermodynamics as distinct from kinetic theory or statistical mechanics.. Historically, thermodynamic temperature was defined by Lord Kelvin in terms of a macroscopic relation between thermodynamic work and heat transfer as defined in thermodynamics, but the kelvin was redefined by international agreement in 2019 in terms of phenomena that are ...
Since the standardization of the kelvin in the International System of Units, it has subsequently been redefined in terms of the equivalent fixing points on the Kelvin scale, so that a temperature increment of one degree Celsius is the same as an increment of one kelvin, though numerically the scales differ by an exact offset of 273.15.
Infinite temperature (coldness zero) is shown at the top of the diagram; positive values of coldness/temperature are on the right-hand side, negative values on the left-hand side. Certain systems can achieve negative thermodynamic temperature; that is, their temperature can be expressed as a negative quantity on the Kelvin or Rankine scales.
1900 K at the Space Shuttle orbiter hull in 8 km/s dive; 2022 K, boiling point of lead; 2074 K, surface temperature of the coolest star, 2MASS J0523-1403; 2230 K, Debye temperature of carbon; 2320 K at open hydrogen flame; 2150–2450 K at open hydrocarbon flame; 2900 K, color temperature of halogen lamps, black-body radiation maximum at 1000 nm