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Glycerophospholipids are derived from glycerol-3-phosphate in a de novo pathway. [3] The term glycerophospholipid signifies any derivative of glycerophosphoric acid that contains at least one O-acyl, or O-alkyl, or O-alk-1'-enyl residue attached to the glycerol moiety. [4] The phosphate group forms an ester linkage to the glycerol.
[78] [79] Cardiolipins are a subclass of glycerophospholipids containing four acyl chains and three glycerol groups that are particularly abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] They are believed to activate enzymes involved with oxidative phosphorylation . [ 82 ]
Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant [1] and in the plasma membrane where it directly activates lipid-gated ion channels. The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2.
Phospholipid arrangement in cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine is the major component of lecithin.It is also a source for choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons.
Even more striking is the fact that 32% of the glycerophospholipids in the adult human heart and 20% in brain and up to 70% of myelin sheath ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are plasmalogens. [ 11 ] Although the functions of plasmalogens have not yet been fully elucidated, it has been demonstrated that they can protect mammalian cells against ...
POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a phosphatidylcholine.It is a diacylglycerol phospholipid.It is an important phospholipid for biophysical experiments and has been used to study various subjects such as lipid rafts.
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate [a] [b] is the organic ion with the formula HOCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OPO 3 2-. It is one of two stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO 3 2- ) and glycerol . It is a component of bacterial and eukaryotic glycerophospholipids . [ 2 ]
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major acidic phospholipid class that accounts for 13–15% of the phospholipids in the human cerebral cortex. [7] In the plasma membrane, PS is localized exclusively in the cytoplasmic leaflet where it forms part of protein docking sites necessary for the activation of several key signaling pathways.