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  2. Doctrine of necessity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_necessity

    The doctrine of necessity is the basis on which extraordinary actions by administrative authority, which are designed to restore order or uphold fundamental constitutional principles, are considered to be lawful even if such an action contravenes established constitution, laws, norms, or conventions.

  3. United States administrative law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States...

    The Congressional Review Act passed in 1996 created a category of major rules, which are those that OIRA determines result in either: (1) "an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000", (2) "a major increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions", or (3 ...

  4. Administrative law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_law

    The many independent agencies of the United States government created by statutes enacted by Congress exist outside of the federal executive departments but are still part of the executive branch. Congress has also created some special judicial bodies known as Article I tribunals to handle some areas of administrative law.

  5. Unitary executive theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory

    Article I, Section 8, clause 18, known as the Necessary and Proper Clause, grants Congress the power to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution all Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof". [50]

  6. Presidential reorganization authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential...

    The customary method by which agencies of the United States government are created, abolished, consolidated, or divided is through an act of Congress. [2] The presidential reorganization authority essentially delegates these powers to the president for a defined period of time, permitting the President to take those actions by decree. [3]

  7. Constitution of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United...

    No state paid its share of taxes to support the government, and some paid nothing. A few states did meet the interest payments toward the national debt owed by their citizens, but nothing greater, and no interest was paid on debts owed foreign governments. By 1786, the United States was facing default on its outstanding debts. [32]

  8. Constitutional law of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the...

    The United States government, its agencies and instrumentalities, are immune from state regulation that interferes with federal activities, functions, and programs. State laws and regulations cannot substantially interfere with an authorized federal program, except for minor or indirect regulation, such as state taxation of federal employees, a ...

  9. Federal government of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Government_of_the...

    The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) [a] is the common government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, comprising 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district (national capital) of Washington, D.C ...