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Tsunamis were the main cause of death in the worst volcanic disaster in Japanese history, an eruption of Mount Unzen, Hizen Province (Nagasaki Prefecture), Kyushu, Japan. Towards the end of 1791, a series of earthquakes on the western flank of Mount Unzen moved towards Fugen-dake, one of the peaks of Mount Unzen.
Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten worst earthquakes in recorded history, as well as the single worst tsunami in history. Indonesia was the worst affected area, with most death toll estimates at around 170,000. [118] The death toll for Indonesia alone may be as high as 172,761 lives. [119]
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami: Japan Earthquake, Tsunami March 11 2012 1,901 Typhoon Bopha: Philippines Tropical cyclone December 4 – 5 2013 6,340 Typhoon Haiyan: Philippines, Vietnam, China November 8 – 10 2014 2,700 2014 Badakhshan mudslides: Afghanistan Landslide May 2 2015 8,964 April 2015 Nepal earthquake: Nepal, India Earthquake ...
A seismogram recorded in Massachusetts, United States. The magnitude 9.1 (M w) undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi), [9] [56] with its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku, Japan, lasting approximately six minutes.
Many villages on the islands were affected by the tsunami, which reached a height of 3 m (9 ft) and swept as far as 600 m (1800 ft) inland. The tsunami caused widespread destruction that displaced more than 20,000 people and affected about 4,000 households. 435 people were reported to have been killed, with over 100 more still missing. [3]
Tsunami modelling executed by the University of Tokyo and Building Research Institute of Japan computed the tsunami to be 3.6 m (12 ft) in Suzu; 3 m (9.8 ft) in Noto; 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in Shika and 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in Jōetsu, Niigata. [101] Flooding by the tsunami exceeded 4 m (13 ft) along the east and western part of the peninsula.
The Ancient Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his 5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, [12] [13] but the understanding of tsunamis remained slim until the 20th century, and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include determining why some large earthquakes do ...
The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission (NAIIC) was the first independent investigation commission by the National Diet in the 66-year history of Japan's constitutional government. [175]: 10 The chairman highlighted that it was foreseeable and preventable. [176]