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The origin and the timeline of the Pandya dynasty are difficult to establish. [10] The early Pandya chieftains ruled their country (Pandya Nadu) from the ancient period, which included the inland city of Madurai and the southern port of Korkai. [14] [15] The Pandyas are celebrated in the earliest available Tamil poetry (Sangam literature). [10]
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamilakam (southern India), the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty. As with many other kingdoms around this period (earlier than 200 BCE), most of the information about the Early Pandyas come to modern historians mainly through literary sources and some epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evidence.
During their history Pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the Pallavas, Cholas, Hoysalas and finally the Muslim invaders from the Delhi Sultanate. The Pandyan Kingdom finally became extinct after the establishment of the Madurai Sultanate in the 14th century CE. The Pandyas excelled in both trade and literature.
Chola Purva Patayam ("Ancient Chola Record"), a Tamil language manuscript of uncertain date, contains a legend about the divine origin of the three crowned kings. According to it, the Shramana king Shalivahana (also known as Bhoja in this story) defeated Vikramaditya , and started persecuting the worshipers of Shiva and Vishnu .
Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473 CE) Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506 CE) Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499 CE) Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543 CE) Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552 CE) Nelveli Maran (1552–1564 CE) Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604 CE) Varathunga Pandyan (1588 ...
Justice was administered free of charge, by special officers appointed as judges and magistrates, but the king was supreme and the final arbiter in all civil and criminal cases. [4] The monarchs prided themselves on the justness of their government. The Cilapatikaram mentions a Pandyan king who died of remorse on realizing his guilt of ...
The history of India up to (and including) the times of the Buddha, with his life generally placed into the 6th or 5th century BCE, is a subject of a major scholarly debate. The vast majority of historians in the Western world accept the theory of Aryan Migration with c. 1500-1200 BCE dates for the displacement of Indus civilization by Aryans ...
All the Pandyas of the Varagunarama Pandya period were under the Vijayanagara Empire and paid them tribute. [9] However, other sources invariably mention that though the Madurai Nayakas were in-charge of Madurai, from time to time, they were opposed by and had skirmishes with the Tenkasi Pandyans, who are also said to have had intermittent control of Madurai.
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