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The term backscatter in photography refers to light from a flash,or strobe or video lights reflecting back from particles in the lens's field of view causing specks of light to appear in the photo. This gives rise to what are sometimes referred to as orb artifacts. Photographic backscatter can result from snowflakes, rain or mist, or airborne dust.
Fiber break locators are intended to be low-cost instruments specifically designed to determine the location of a catastrophic fiber event, e.g., fiber break, point of high reflectance, or high loss. The fiber break locator is an opto-electronic tape measure designed to measure only distance to catastrophic fiber events.
For a single mode fiber operating at 1550 nm, a typical attenuation is 0.2 dB/km. [1] Since the light must make a double pass along each section of fiber, this means each 1 km causes a total loss of 0.4 dB. The maximum range of the system occurs when the amplitude of the reflected pulse becomes so low it is impossible to obtain a clear signal ...
These Yb-doped fiber lasers first operated at the 1 kW CW power level in 2004 [32] based on free space cavities but were not shown to operate with fiber Bragg grating cavities until much later. [33] Such monolithic, all-fiber devices are produced by many companies worldwide and at power levels exceeding 1 kW.
APC fiber ends have low back reflection even when disconnected. In the 1990s, the number of parts per connector, polishing of the fibers, and the need to oven-bake the epoxy in each connector made terminating fiber optic cables difficult. Today, connector types on the market offer easier, less labor-intensive ways of terminating cables.
In photography, backscatter (also called near-camera reflection [1]) is an optical phenomenon resulting in typically circular artifacts on an image, due to the camera's flash being reflected from unfocused motes of dust, water droplets, or other particles in the air or water.
Example compounds Allowed reflections Forbidden reflections Simple cubic Po Any h, k, ℓ: None Body-centered cubic Fe, W, Ta, Cr h + k + ℓ = even h + k + ℓ = odd Face-centered cubic (FCC) Cu, Al, Ni, NaCl, LiH, PbS h, k, ℓ all odd or all even h, k, ℓ mixed odd and even Diamond FCC Si, Ge All odd, or all even with h + k + ℓ = 4n
The cladding causes light to be confined to the core of the fiber by total internal reflection at the boundary between the core and cladding. [1] Light propagation within the cladding is typically suppressed for most fibers. However, some fibers can support cladding modes in which light propagates through the cladding as well as the core.