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  2. Gastric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid

    The lowest pH of the secreted acid is 0.8, [7] but the acid is diluted in the stomach lumen to a pH of between 1 and 3. There is a small continuous basal secretion of gastric acid between meals of usually less than 10 mEq/hour. [8] There are three phases in the secretion of gastric acid which increase the secretion rate in order to digest a ...

  3. Esophageal pH monitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_pH_Monitoring

    In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.

  4. Hydrogen potassium ATPase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase

    The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).

  5. Nitrosamine formation during digestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosamine_formation...

    Nitroso compounds present in stool do not induce nitrosamine formation, because stool has neutral pH. [7] [8] Stomach acid catalyzes nitrosamine compound formation and is the main location of the reaction during digestion. [9] The formation process is inhibited when amine concentration is low (e.g. a low-protein diet or no fermented food).

  6. Parietal cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cell

    A canaliculus is an adaptation found on gastric parietal cells. It is a deep infolding, or little channel, which serves to increase the surface area, e.g. for secretion. The parietal cell membrane is dynamic; the numbers of canaliculi rise and fall according to secretory n

  7. Digestive enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme

    The following are enzymes produced by the stomach and their respective function: Pepsin is the main gastric enzyme. It is produced in the stomach by gastric chief cells in its inactive form pepsinogen, which is a zymogen. Pepsinogen is then activated by the stomach acid into its active form, pepsin.

  8. Nitrosamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosamine

    Nitroso compounds present in stool do not induce nitrosamine formation, because stool has neutral pH. [23] [24] Stomach acid catalyzes nitrosamine compound formation and is the main location of the reaction during digestion. [25] The formation process is inhibited when amine concentration is low (e.g. a low-protein diet or no fermented food).

  9. Reference electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_electrode

    Most electrodes work over a limited range of conditions, such as pH or temperature, outside of this range the electrodes behavior becomes unpredictable. The advantage of a pseudo-reference electrode is that the resulting variation is factored into the system allowing researchers to accurately study systems over a wide range of conditions.

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