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Meend is an important part of any classical performance; however, it is a technique not possible on a hand-held harmonium often used in musical concerts (or on the santoor). For this reason, traditionalists singing khyal prefer an accompaniment on an instrument such as a sarangi that can perform meend. [2]
A specialized technique called "meend" involves pulling the main melody string down over the bottom portion of the sitar's curved frets, with which the sitarist can achieve a seven-semitone range of microtonal notes (however, because of the sitar's movable frets, sometimes a fret may be set to a microtone already, and no bending would be required).
It is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar, with sympathetic strings that give it a resonant, reverberant quality. A fretless instrument, it can produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend , which are important in Indian music. [2]
A number of instruments (such as the sitar) were also introduced in his time. Amir Khusrau is sometimes credited with the origins of the khyal form, but the record of his compositions does not appear to support this. The compositions by the court musician Sadarang in the court of Muhammad Shah bear a closer affinity to the modern khyal. They ...
meend, a technique of singing notes in a fluid manner with one note merging into the next - there are many different kinds of meend; kan-swar, grace notes - the use of grace-notes depends on the raga being performed; andolan, a gentle swing on specific notes, used selectively; gamaka, a heavy to-and-fro oscillation involving two or three ...
He praises Ravi Shankar, said to be a rival too, as a brilliant musician who has introduced the sitar to the world." [5] Despite his extensive meend work and the gandhar pancham sitar style he used, Rais Khan's alapi, gatkari and gamaki work was different in approach, pacing, and even technique, from the Etawah style.
Surbahar (Hindi pronunciation: [s̪urbəhɑːr]; transl. Springtime of Notes) [1] sometimes known as bass sitar, is a plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music of the Indian subcontinent. It is closely related to the sitar, but has a lower pitch. Depending on the instrument's size, it is usually pitched two to five whole ...
Originating from the Santoor used in Sufiana Mausiqi, the Sopori Santoor is essentially an expanded version, covering more than 5 1/2 octaves, adorned with certain classical innovations including an attached tumba (goard) to enhance the posture and bass of the instrument (also used for Sitar and other Hindustani Classical instruments ...