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Cross bracing on a bridge tower. In construction, cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing is usually seen with two diagonal supports placed in an X-shaped manner. Under lateral force (such as wind or seismic activity) one brace will be under tension while the other ...
This includes the girders themselves, diaphragms or cross-braces, and (if applicable) the truss or arch system. In a girder bridge this would include only the girders and the bracing system. The girders are the primary load support, while the bracing system both allows the girders to act together as a unit, and prevents the beams from toppling.
In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically I-beams made up from separate structural steel plates (rather than rolled as a single cross-section), which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. In some cases, the plate girders may be formed in a Z-shape ...
The cross bracing of truss bridges has a special additional clearance requirement of 17.5 feet (5.3 m). Bridges: Bridges less than 200 feet (61 m) long should carry the full width of the roadway, including the paved shoulders. Longer bridges can reduce the width of both shoulders to 4 feet (1.2 m).
Bridge – is a structure built to span a physical obstacle, such as a body of water, valley, or road, without closing the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, usually something that can be detrimental to cross otherwise. Brittle – Buckling-restrained braced frame – Building engineering –
Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel: 1964/1999/2030s United States Virginia Beach and Northampton County, Virginia Chesapeake Bay: Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel: 1967 Canada Montreal (Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve), and Longueuil, Quebec: Saint Lawrence River: bridge–tunnel transition uses natural island Cross-Harbour Tunnel and ...
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The DMRB is used to design trunk roads such as the A20 in the UK. The Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) is a series of 15 volumes that provide standards, advice notes and other documents relating to the design, assessment and operation of trunk roads, including motorways in the United Kingdom, and, with some amendments, the Republic of Ireland.