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It is located at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder and is continuous with the detrusor muscle, [1] [2] but anatomically and functionally fully independent from it. [3] It is composed of smooth muscle , so it is under the control of the autonomic nervous system , specifically the sympathetic nervous system .
These include partial or total duplication of the ureter (a duplex ureter), or the formation of a second irregularly placed ureter; [13] or where the junction with the bladder is malformed or a ureterocoele develops (usually in that location). [14] If the ureters have been resited as a result of surgery, for example due to a kidney transplant ...
Bowman's capsule (or the Bowman capsule, capsula glomeruli, or glomerular capsule) is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.
The trigone (also known as the vesical trigone) [1] is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice.
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem related to the function of the urethral sphincter. Weak pelvic floor muscles, intrinsic sphincter damage, or damage to the surrounding nerves and tissue can make the urethral sphincter incompetent, and subsequently it will not close fully, leading to stress urinary incontinence.
The bladder has three openings. The two ureters enter the bladder at ureteric orifices, and the urethra enters at the trigone of the bladder. These ureteric openings have mucosal flaps in front of them that act as valves in preventing the backflow of urine into the ureters, [6] known as vesicoureteral reflux.
Control of the digestive system is also maintained by ENS, which can be thought of as a digestive brain that can help to regulate motility, secretion and growth. Sensory information from the digestive system can be received, integrated and acted upon by the enteric system alone. When this occurs, the reflex is called a short reflex. [4]