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  2. Pilus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilus

    Some bacteria, viruses or bacteriophages attach to receptors on pili at the start of their reproductive cycle. Pili are antigenic. They are also fragile and constantly replaced, sometimes with pili of different composition, resulting in altered antigenicity. Specific host responses to old pili structures are not effective on the new structure.

  3. P fimbriae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_fimbriae

    P fimbriae are large, linear structures projecting from the surface of the bacterial cell. With lengths of 1-2um, the pili can be larger than the diameter of the bacteria itself. [4] The main body of the fimbriae is composed of approx. 1000 copies of the major fimbrial subunit protein PapA, forming a helical rod. [5]

  4. Gliding motility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliding_motility

    Three types of gliding motility in bacteria are: a) Type IV pili: A cell attaches its pili to a surface or object in the direction it is traveling. The proteins in the pili are then broken down to shrink the pili pulling the cell closer to the surface or object that was it was attached to. [7]

  5. Bacterial cell structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cell_structure

    The bacterial DNA is not packaged using histones to form chromatin as in eukaryotes but instead exists as a highly compact supercoiled structure, the precise nature of which remains unclear. [6] Most bacterial chromosomes are circular, although some examples of linear chromosomes exist (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi). Usually, a single bacterial ...

  6. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    A fimbria (plural fimbriae also known as a pilus, plural pili) is a short, thin, hair-like filament found on the surface of bacteria. Fimbriae are formed of a protein called pilin ( antigenic ) and are responsible for the attachment of bacteria to specific receptors on human cells ( cell adhesion ).

  7. Chaperone-usher fimbriae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperone-Usher_fimbriae

    The usher forms the outer-membrane pore and functions in vivo as a dimer, though only one of the ushers is active at any one time. [3] The usher pore (PapC) is formed by a 24 stranded beta barrel with 4 additional domains: N-terminal domain (NTD), Plug domain, and two C-terminal domains (CTD1 and CTD2 respectively).

  8. Evolution of flagella - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_flagella

    Pilus retraction provides enables a different form of bacterial motility called "twitching" or "social gliding" which allows bacterial cells to crawl along a surface, They are assembled through the Type II secretion system. They can also promote swimming, but no species of bacteria is known to use its Type IV pili for both swimming and crawling.

  9. Twitching motility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitching_motility

    Twitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial motility used to move over surfaces. Twitching is mediated by the activity of hair-like filaments called type IV pili which extend from the cell's exterior, bind to surrounding solid substrates, and retract, pulling the cell forwards in a manner similar to the action of a grappling hook.

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