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Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes L80-L81 within Chapter XII: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue should be included in this category. Disturbances of human pigmentation, either loss or reduction, may be related to loss of melanocytes or the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or transport melanosomes correctly.
Hyperpigmentation results from an increase in melanin synthesis, which is mostly brought on by sun exposure, dermatological disorders, hormones, aging, genetic factors, skin injuries or inflammation, and acne. Sun exposure, which greatly increases the synthesis of melanin, is the most common cause of hyperpigmentation.
Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis. [10] [11] Tar-components (benzopyrenes) are also known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause.
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis . Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair.
Acanthosis nigricans is a medical sign characterised by brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. [1] It is usually found in body folds, [2] such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead and other areas.
Lower vermillion border (the exposed pink or reddish margin of a lip [3]) Tongue; Oral mucosa; Gingivae; Palate [2] Oral pigmentation affects about 3% of the population [4] and is most likely seen in those with dark skin; [5] however people with light skin have, on average, 30 local pigmented areas and in some circumstances will present intra ...
Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (also known as "Linear nevoid hyperpigmentation," "Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation," "Reticulate and zosteriform hyperpigmentation," "Reticulate hyperpigmentation of Iijima and Naito and Uyeno," "Zebra-like hyperpigmentation in whorls and streaks," and "Zebra-line hyperpigmentation" [1]) is a disorder of pigmentation that ...
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (often abbreviated PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa (). [2]