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  2. Dendrite (crystal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite_(crystal)

    In paleontology, dendritic mineral crystal forms are often mistaken for fossils. These pseudofossils form as naturally occurring fissures in the rock are filled by percolating mineral solutions. They form when water rich in manganese and iron flows along fractures and bedding planes between layers of limestone and other rock types, depositing ...

  3. Dendrite (metal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite_(metal)

    A dendrite in metallurgy is a characteristic tree-like structure of crystals growing as molten metal solidifies, the shape produced by faster growth along energetically favourable crystallographic directions. This dendritic growth has large consequences in regard to material properties.

  4. Opal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal

    A Peruvian opal (also called blue opal) is a semi-opaque to opaque blue-green stone found in Peru, which is often cut to include the matrix in the more opaque stones. It does not display a play of color. Blue opal also comes from Oregon and Idaho in the Owyhee region, as well as from Nevada around the Virgin Valley. [17] Opal is also formed by ...

  5. Crystallization of polymers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization_of_polymers

    For example, highly linear polyethylene can form platelet-like single crystals with a thickness on the order 10–20 nm when crystallized from a dilute solution. The crystal shape can be more complex for other polymers, including hollow pyramids, spirals and multilayer dendritic structures. [2]

  6. Jasper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper

    Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [1] [2] is an opaque, [3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue.

  7. Photonic crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystal

    The opal in this bracelet contains a natural periodic microstructure responsible for its iridescent color. It is essentially a natural photonic crystal. Wings of some butterflies contain photonic crystals. [1] [2] A photonic crystal is an optical nanostructure in which the refractive index changes periodically.

  8. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Synthetic opal; Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz; Lab spinel; ... Dendritic agate. Moss agate; Fire agate (iridescent var.) Jasper; Petrified wood; Sard;

  9. Crystal optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_optics

    Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating. The index of refraction depends on both composition and crystal structure and can be calculated using the Gladstone–Dale ...

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