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Although carburetor technology in automobiles reached a very high degree of sophistication and precision, from the mid-1980s it lost out on cost and flexibility to fuel injection. Simple forms of carburetor remain in widespread use in small engines such as lawn mowers and more sophisticated forms are still used in small motorcycles.
The draught tube routes all blow-by gases back into the intake mixture and is usually located between the air filter and carburetor. Dry sump engines in some drag racing cars use scavenging pumps to extract oil and gases from the crankcase. [18] A separator removes the oil, then the gases are fed into the exhaust system via a venturi tube.
Cross-sectional schematic of a basic carburetor, showing the choke valve at top. A choke valve is sometimes installed in the carburetor of internal combustion engines. Its purpose is to restrict the flow of air, thereby enriching the fuel-air mixture while starting the engine.
The term carburetor is derived from the verb carburet, which means "to combine with carbon", [6] or, in particular, "to enrich a gas by combining it with carbon or hydrocarbons". [7] Thus a carburetor mixes intake air with hydrocarbon-based fuel, such as petrol or autogas (LPG). [8]
Vapor lock is a problem caused by liquid fuel changing state to vapor while still in the fuel delivery system of gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines.This disrupts the operation of the fuel pump, causing loss of feed pressure to the carburetor or fuel injection system, resulting in transient loss of power or complete stalling.
Although the IAC is supposed to last the vehicle's lifetime, various reasons may cause it to fail/malfunction prematurely. The most common failure mode is partial/complete jamming of the actuator (due to dirt/dust or even oil) where it cannot be smoothly controlled. The result is an engine that fails to maintain idle RPM and frequently stalls.
[25] [26] This design, called a hot-bulb engine used a 'jerk pump' to dispense fuel oil at high pressure to an injector. Another development in early diesel engines was the pre-combustion chamber, which was invented in 1919 by Prosper l'Orange [ 27 ] to avoid the drawbacks of air-blast injection systems.
The D-400 series engine or the Iron Horse engine was a light-duty two-stroke engine used for powering lawnmowers produced from the 1950s to the late 1970s. D-400 engines were single-cylinder engines designed and manufactured by the Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC; Johnson and Evinrude) for Lawn-Boy [2] and Masport.