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In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpacks with spray guns) to trailed sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units similar to tractors with boom mounts of 4–30 ...
An instance of either the continuous or classic knapsack problems may be specified by the numerical capacity W of the knapsack, together with a collection of materials, each of which has two numbers associated with it: the weight w i of material that is available to be selected and the total value v i of that material.
The first known aerial application of agricultural materials was by John Chaytor, who in 1906 spread seed over a swamped valley floor in Wairoa, New Zealand, using a hot air balloon with mobile tethers. [3] Aerial sowing of seed still continues to this day with cover crop applications and rice planting.
The stripper only gathered the heads, leaving the stems in the field. [6] The stripper and later headers had the advantage of fewer moving parts and only collecting heads, requiring less power to operate. Refinements by Hugh Victor McKay produced a commercially successful combine harvester in 1885, the Sunshine Header-Harvester. [7]
Air Tractor AT-802, with the largest hopper capacity of any commercially available agricultural aircraft. Gehling PZL-106AR Kruk The Antonov An-2 was a mass-produced aircraft. Many were used for agricultural work. Polish M-18 Dromader used for aerial fire-fighting in Australia. A Grumman Ag Cat applies a low-insecticide bait on a soybean field.
A manure spreader, muck spreader, or honey wagon is an agricultural machine used to distribute manure over a field as a fertilizer. A typical (modern) manure spreader consists of a trailer towed behind a tractor with a rotating mechanism driven by the tractor's power take off (PTO). Truck mounted manure spreaders are also common in North America.
The quadratic knapsack problem (QKP), first introduced in 19th century, [1] is an extension of knapsack problem that allows for quadratic terms in the objective function: Given a set of items, each with a weight, a value, and an extra profit that can be earned if two items are selected, determine the number of items to include in a collection without exceeding capacity of the knapsack, so as ...
In contrast, in rectangle packing (as in real-life packing problems) the sizes of the rectangles are given, but their locations are flexible. Some papers use the term "packing" even when the locations are fixed. [7] Circle packing in a rectangle; Square packing in a square