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In medicine, Carnett's sign is a finding on clinical examination in which abdominal pain remains unchanged or increases when the muscles of the abdominal wall are tensed. [1] [2] For this part of the abdominal examination, the patient can be asked to lift the head and shoulders from the examination table to tense the abdominal muscles.
Inguinal hernia can make a small lump in the groin region which can be detected during a physical exam and verified by imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT). This lump can disappear by lying down and reappear through physical activities, laughing, crying, or forceful bowel movement.
A physician may diagnose an inguinal hernia, as well as the type, from medical history and physical examination. [20] For confirmation or in uncertain cases, medical ultrasonography is the first choice of imaging, because it can both detect the hernia and evaluate its changes with for example pressure, standing and Valsalva maneuver .
Athletic pubalgia, also called sports hernia, [1] core injury, [2] hockey hernia, [3] hockey groin, [1] Gilmore's groin, [1] or groin disruption, [4] is a medical condition of the pubic joint affecting athletes. [5] It is a syndrome characterized by chronic groin pain in athletes and a dilated superficial ring of the inguinal canal.
Cul-de-sac hernias are the most difficult to diagnose during physical examination, and to distinguish from anterior rectocele or enterocele. [2] Furthermore, rectocele and cul-de-sac hernia may occur together. [3] Combined vaginal and rectal digital palpation may be used (examiner's thumb in vagina, index finger in anal canal). [11]
An indirect inguinal hernia and a direct inguinal hernia can be distinguished by their positioning in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels. An indirect hernia is situated laterally to these vessels, whereas a direct hernia is positioned medially to them. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia in both men and women.
Amyand's hernia is a rare form of an inguinal hernia (less than 1% of inguinal hernias) [2] which occurs when the appendix is included in the hernial sac and becomes incarcerated. The condition is an eponymous disease named after a French surgeon , Claudius Amyand (1660–1740), [ 3 ] who performed the first successful appendectomy in 1735.
In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally consists of a series of questions about the patient's medical history followed by an examination based on the reported symptoms.