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Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
Causes may include sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. [1] The underlying mechanism involves diffuse injury to cells which form the barrier of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs , surfactant dysfunction, activation of the immune system , and dysfunction of the body's regulation of blood clotting . [ 5 ]
where p = 0.3275911, a 1 = 0.254829592, a 2 = −0.284496736, a 3 = 1.421413741, a 4 = −1.453152027, a 5 = 1.061405429 All of these approximations are valid for x ≥ 0 . To use these approximations for negative x , use the fact that erf x is an odd function, so erf x = −erf(− x ) .
In fluid dynamics, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe. The assumptions of the equation are that the flow is laminar viscous and incompressible and the flow is through a constant circular cross-section that is substantially longer than its diameter.
Of course, y is not actually completely constant at x = 0.001 – this is just its main behaviour in the vicinity of this point.It may be that retaining only the leading-order (or approximately leading-order) terms, and regarding all the other smaller terms as negligible, is insufficient (when using the model for future prediction, for example), and so it may be necessary to also retain the ...
In category theory, an end of a functor : is a universal dinatural transformation from an object e of X to S. [1]More explicitly, this is a pair (,), where e is an object of X and : ¨ is an extranatural transformation such that for every extranatural transformation : ¨ there exists a unique morphism : of X with = for every object a of C.
A plot of Lorenz' strange attractor for values ρ=28, σ = 10, β = 8/3. The butterfly effect or sensitive dependence on initial conditions is the property of a dynamical system that, starting from any of various arbitrarily close alternative initial conditions on the attractor, the iterated points will become arbitrarily spread out from each other.
This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which are absorbed by bacteria upon contact and damage their cell membranes. [1] In modern times, the effect was observed by Carl Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. [2] Brass doorknobs, brass handrails, and silverware all exhibit this effect to an extent.