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A hold-down may also refer to clamping device used to anchor a pipe to a structural steel element or concrete floor or allow movement of the pipe in an axial direction. [1] At the bottom, the hold down is connected to the concrete foundation or structural slab by an embedded or epoxied anchor bolt. At the top, the hold down is connected to a ...
Beam and block is a construction method to support flooring, especially for ground floors as well as multi story buildings. [1] It is made of cast concrete, one piece of which is a prestressed concrete beam, which can be an inverted T-shaped beam, or lintel, the other piece being a simple rectangular block. [1]
The crowding problems were acute because the delivery of design and construction for academic buildings usually took 4 to 6 years. Meanwhile, the high rate of inflation was eroding construction budgets. [7] A 4-5 year project schedule might see the buying power of appropriated funds for building projects reduced significantly.
Concrete has similar thermal properties to masonry products, in that it has a relatively high thermal mass and is a good conductor of heat. In some special cases, the thermal properties of concrete have been employed, for example as a heatsink in nuclear power plants or a thermal buffer in industrial freezers. [6]
First the supports are built, then the pods are arranged in place, and finally the concrete is poured. This process may occur in three different approaches, however the basic method is the same in each: In situ: Formwork construction and pouring of concrete occur on site, then the slab is assembled (if required). [4]
The Filigree Wideslab method is a process for construction of concrete floor decks from two interconnected concrete placements, one precast in a factory, and the other done in the field. The method was developed during the late 1960s by Harry H. Wise as a more efficient and economic construction process than conventional cast-in-place ...
Double tees are connected during the construction without topping with concrete to create the parking structure floor surface. [6] A benefit of pre-topped double tees is a higher quality concrete for more durable surface to reduce traffic wears. Factories can produce the topping with minimum concrete strength of 5,000 psi. In some areas, the ...
Post-tensioned concrete is a variant of prestressed concrete where the tendons are tensioned after the surrounding concrete structure has been cast. [ 1 ] : 25 The tendons are not placed in direct contact with the concrete, but are encapsulated within a protective sleeve or duct which is either cast into the concrete structure or placed ...