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Large placental infarcts are associated with vascular abnormalities, e.g. hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy, as seen in hypertension. [1] Very large infarcts lead to placental insufficiency and may result in fetal death. Placental infarcts are generally detected after birth, although using ultrasound may be a way to notice infarcts prenatally.
A placental disease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia.
Infarcts due to focal or diffuse thickening of blood vessels Villi capillaries occupying about 50% of the villi volume or when <40% of capillaries are on the villous periphery Placental insufficiency should not be confused with complete placental abruption, in which the placenta separates off the uterine wall, which immediately results in no ...
MPFD is caused by deposition fibrous tissue around the chorionic villi of the placenta. [1] [3] The placenta often shows lesions upon histology and autopsy. [8] The villi become trapped, causing avascular necrosis. [1] This causes reduced substance exchange, and movement of the placenta. [1]
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen.It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarction, maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes) [1] and maternal smoking.
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In the third trimester, syncytial knots (nucleated clusters formed in the syncytiotrophoblast) break off [4] and are shed from the foetal placental villi. The shedding can strip the villous stroma. The barrier could breakdown either by upstream foetal thrombosis or ischemic damage from maternal infarction.
Infarction occurs as a result of prolonged ischemia, which is the insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to an area of tissue due to a disruption in blood supply.The blood vessel supplying the affected area of tissue may be blocked due to an obstruction in the vessel (e.g., an arterial embolus, thrombus, or atherosclerotic plaque), compressed by something outside of the vessel causing it ...