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Generally, unlike future performance, expenses are predictable. Funds with high expense ratios tend to continue to have high expense ratios. An investor can examine a fund's "Financial Highlights" which is contained in both the periodic financial reports and the fund's prospectus, and determine a fund's expense ratio over the last five years (if the fund has five years of history).
Expense ratio (percentage) = Total fees charged annually/your total investment. Your fees are directly related to the expenses of the fund itself, and actively managed funds come with higher ...
Ares is a space strategy video game created by Nathan Lamont of Bigger Planet Software, [1] and first released by Changeling Software in 1998. In 1999 the game was re-released as shareware by Ambrosia Software and released as open source software and freeware in 2008. [ 2 ]
The total expense ratio (TER) is a measure of the total cost of a fund to an investor. Total costs may include various fees (purchase, redemption, auditing) and other expenses. The TER, calculated by dividing the total annual cost by the fund's total assets averaged over that year, is denoted as a percentage. It will normally vary somewhat from ...
One notable component of the expense ratio of U.S. funds is the "12b-1 fee", which represents expenses used for advertising and promotion of the fund. 12b-1 fees are paid by the fund out of mutual fund assets and are generally limited to a maximum of 1.00% per year (.75% distribution and .25% shareholder servicing) under FINRA Rules.
Software: Software reduces the workload, but it also can cost more in the beginning to implement. According to the Aberdeen Group's report, "Best-In-Class T&E Expense Management: How They Do It," [ 2 ] software can solve the major problems of compliance, manual labor, approval time, and the cost of expense reporting overall.
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A 1995 study of the cost-effectiveness of reviewed over 500 life-saving interventions found that the median cost-effectiveness was $42,000 per life-year saved. [7] A 2006 systematic review found that industry-funded studies often concluded with cost-effective ratios below $20,000 per QALY and low quality studies and those conducted outside the ...