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He was raised in the royal household and received an education in literature, the sciences, and languages. Ferdinand was a good student and grew up to be a patron of the arts and a patron of scholars at his court. [13] The prince did not learn German until he was a young adult. Music played an important part in his childhood.
24 December. Ferdinand I becomes ill after the Battle of Paterna and dies. His sons Alfonso VI of León and Garcia II of Galicia succeeded him. [165] [166] Later. Ferdinand's death triggers the War of the Three Sanchos, between three grandsons of Sancho the Great––Sancho II, Sancho Garcés IV and Sancho Ramirez. [167] 1067. August–September.
In a war with the Muslim Kingdom of Granada, he conquered the town of Antequera (1410), whence his surname. [4] After Ferdinand's maternal uncle, King Martin I of Aragon (Martin II of Sicily), died without surviving legitimate issue, Ferdinand was chosen King of Aragon in 1412 to succeed him in the Compromise of Caspe.
During the Ottoman wars the territory of former Kingdom of Hungary shrunk by around 70%; despite these territorial and demographic losses, the smaller, heavily war-torn Royal Hungary remained economically more important than Austria or Kingdom of Bohemia at the end of the 16th century, [14] as it was Ferdinand's largest source of revenue.
The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia), Levant, and Egypt and neighboring areas of Arabia, Anatolia and Iran. It currently encompasses the area from Egypt , Turkey and Cyprus in the west to Iran and the Persian Gulf in the east, [ 1 ] and from Turkey and Iran in the north, to Yemen and Oman in the south.
Ferdinand saw that it was impossible to establish his rule in Hungary. Meanwhile, the shah of Safavid Persia, Tahmasp I, became active in the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire. Suleyman decided to concentrate his activities in the east and to give up his pursuit of hostilities in the west [7] and so the treaty was signed.
The Treaty of Nagyvárad (or Treaty of Grosswardein) was a secret peace agreement between Emperor Ferdinand I and John Szapolyai, rival claimants to the Kingdom of Hungary, signed in Grosswardein / Várad (modern-day Oradea, Romania) on February 24, 1538. [1] In the treaty, they divided Hungary between them according to the actual possession.
The siege of Vienna, in 1529, was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the city of Vienna in the Archduchy of Austria, part of the Holy Roman Empire. Suleiman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottomans, attacked the city with over 100,000 men, while the defenders, led by Niklas Graf Salm, numbered no more than 21,000.