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A Carnatic concert. The shruti or śruti is the smallest interval of pitch that the human ear can detect and a singer or musical instrument can produce. [1] [2] The concept is found in ancient and medieval Sanskrit texts such as the Natya Shastra, the Dattilam, the Brihaddeshi, and the Sangita Ratnakara.
Pramana (Sanskrit: प्रमाण; IAST: Pramāṇa) literally means "proof" and "means of knowledge". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In Indian philosophies, pramana are the means which can lead to knowledge, and serve as one of the core concepts in Indian epistemology .
In the 80's, Indonesian media widely coined the term Pop kreatif. [4] Journalists Seno M. Hardjo and Bens Leo is cited to have popularized this term to differentiate the music presented by musicians with the likes of Guruh Soekarnoputra, Eros Djarot, Chrisye, Fariz RM, and Dian Pramana Poetra from the Melancholic pop music artists and genre. [2]
The focus of Pramana is the manner in which correct knowledge can be acquired, how one knows or does not know, and to what extent knowledge pertinent about someone or something can be acquired. [48] Ancient and medieval Indian texts identify six [c] pramanas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: [49] Pratyakṣa (perception)
The fundamental theory of Indian classical music, art and poetry is grounded in the theory of Nada Brahman or Shabda Brahman, and is linked with the Vedic religion. [5] The Apara Brahman mentioned by Mandukya Upanishad is Nada Brahman or Shabda Brahman.
Together with smṛti ("that which is remembered, tradition": Dharmaśāstra, Hindu Epics, Puranas), ācāra (good custom), and ātmatuṣṭi ("what is pleasing to oneself"), it provides pramana (means of knowledge) and sources of dharma, as expressed in Classical Hindu law, philosophy, rituals and customs.
Sthāyi refers to an octave of music. There are 5 sthāyis in Carnaatic music, namely, Anumandara (lowest), Mandara (literally means chant, which means lower), Madhya (literally means middle), Taara (means higher) and Athitaara (meaning very high). Most artists sing over two octaves or two and a half octaves range (within Mandra, Madhya and ...
Pratyaksha (Sanskrit: Sanskrit: प्रत्यक्ष IAST: pratyakṣa) literally means that which is perceptible to the eye or visible; in general usage, it refers to being present, present before the eye (i.e. within the range of sight), cognizable by any sense organ, distinct, evident, clear, direct, immediate, explicit, corporeal; it is a pramāṇa, or mode of proof. [1]