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An anemometer is commonly used to measure wind speed. Global distribution of wind speed at 10m above ground averaged over the years 1981–2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set [1] In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in ...
The power law is often used in wind power assessments [4] [5] where wind speeds at the height of a turbine ( 50 metres) must be estimated from near surface wind observations (~10 metres), or where wind speed data at various heights must be adjusted to a standard height [6] prior to use.
Compared to over water, maximum sustained winds over land average 8% lower. [12] More especially, over a city or rough terrain, the wind gradient effect could cause a reduction of 40% to 50% of the geostrophic wind speed aloft; while over open water or ice, the reduction is between 10% and 30%. [8] [13] [14]
Remaining over mostly open terrain, the tornado did not impact many structures; however, measurements from mobile weather radars revealed extreme winds in excess of 313 mph (504 km/h) [1] within the vortex. These are among the highest observed wind speeds on Earth, just slightly lower than the wind speeds of the 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado.
The derecho traveled more than 500 miles (800 km) before moving off the coast of Texas and Louisiana into the Gulf of Mexico and produced winds up to 78 mph (126 km/h) with hail up to 3.75 inches (9.5 cm) in diameter and a few tornadoes including a short-lived EF2 tornado north of Hochatown, Oklahoma that tossed two barges over 100 yd (91 m), a ...
The Enhanced Fujita Scale takes into account the quality of construction and standardizes different kinds of structures. The wind speeds on the original scale were deemed by meteorologists and engineers as being too high, and engineering studies indicated that slower winds than initially estimated cause the respective degrees of damage. [50]
Wind speeds over 75 miles per hour are classified as “hurricane force,” capable of pushing moving vehicles off the highway, overturning mobile homes and peeling off roofs. The average wind ...
According to one source, [39] the wind gradient is not significant for sailboats when the wind is over 6 knots (because a wind speed of 10 knots at the surface corresponds to 15 knots at 300 meters, so the change in speed is negligible over the height of a sailboat's mast). According to the same source, the wind increases steadily with height ...