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1,2-Dichlorobenzene is obtained as a side-product of the production of chlorobenzene: C 6 H 5 Cl + Cl 2 → C 6 H 4 Cl 2 + HCl. The reaction also affords the 1,4- and small amounts of the 1,3-isomer. The 1,4- isomer is preferred over the 1,2- isomer due to steric hindrance.
There are three distinct chemical compounds which are dichlorobenzenes: . 1,2-Dichlorobenzene or ortho-dichlorobenzene;; 1,3-Dichlorobenzene or meta-dichlorobenzene;; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene or para-dichlorobenzene.
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system: that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity. The SI unit for electric dipole moment is the coulomb-metre (C⋅m). The debye (D) is another unit of measurement used in atomic physics and chemistry.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (also known as meta-dichlorobenzene) is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula C 6 H 4 Cl 2.It is the least common of the three isomers of dichlorobenzene, and it is a colorless liquid that is insoluble in water.
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene is an organochlorine compound.It is one of the three isomers of trichlorobenzene.Being more symmetrical than the other isomers, it exists as colourless crystals whereas the other isomers are liquids at room temperature.
The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1] Note that the local electric field seen by a molecule is generally different from the macroscopic electric field that would be measured externally.
Chlorobenzene (abbreviated PhCl) is an aryl chloride and the simplest of the chlorobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one chlorine atom. Its chemical formula is C 6 H 5 Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.
p-DCB is produced by chlorination of benzene using ferric chloride as a catalyst: . C 6 H 6 + 2 Cl 2 → C 6 H 4 Cl 2 + 2 HCl. The chief impurity is the 1,2 isomer.The compound can be purified by fractional crystallization, taking advantage of its relatively high melting point of 53.5 °C; the isomeric dichlorobenzenes and chlorobenzene melt well below room temperature.